The easiest vector operation is vector addition, where adding two vectors produces a vector where each component is the sum(or difference) of the respective components, so that

Just like addition subtraction involves just subtracting the components

Scalar multiplication is multiplying a vector by a scalar number, meaning scaling this vector. Each component is multiplied by this scalar, so that

We can find the size of this arrow representing a vector, called the magnitude of the vector, for a vector of components, we have